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The Optimal Integration of Solar and Wind Energy in Morocco Using Stochastic Optimization Approaches
Ning Sun 2026
This thesis develops an integrated Power-to-Gas (PtG) energy system model to study how wind and solar energy can be optimally integrated under renewable intermittency and uncertainty in future high-renewable conditions. The model is applied as a Morocco-based case study using representative wind speed and solar radiation data from selected coastal and inland sample points. Rather than reproducing the current Moroccan energy system exactly, the study uses Moroccan renewable-resource conditions to examine the operational and planning impacts of renewable intermittency.
The analysis combines a short-term dispatch model with fixed installed capacities and a long-term capacity planning model with endogenous investment decisions. Deterministic inputs, predefined scenario-based perturbations, and Markov-chain-generated renewable profiles are compared. The long-term model further evaluates deterministic, scenario-based stochastic, and Markov-chain stochastic formulations to assess how different uncertainty representations influence optimal PtG configuration and operation. The results show that the system performs better under coastal renewable inputs, with higher renewable utilization, greater hydrogen and methane production, lower grid dependence, and lower objective costs. Scenario-based analyses suggest that the system is relatively robust to moderate independent wind and solar perturbations. However, Markov-chain-based analyses reveal that temporally correlated renewable intermittency, especially consecutive low-wind periods, can substantially affect both dispatch behavior and capacity planning. Under inland renewable inputs, wind investment becomes less attractive and the system shifts toward a PV-dominant and grid-supported structure, while coastal renewable inputs remain more suitable for hybrid wind–PV PtG development.
Overall, the findings demonstrate that renewable temporal structure is critical for evaluating future PtG systems. Average renewable generation levels alone may underesti-mate the operational and planning impacts of wind and solar intermittency. The proposed framework provides useful modelling insights for renewable-driven hydrogen and methane system planning under uncertain renewable conditions. In the Moroccan context, these insights may also provide a reference for future green-energy transition studies, particularly for evaluating how regional wind and solar characteristics affect hydrogen-based energy system planning.
Figure 1.1.: Methodological framework for short-term dispatch and long-term capacity planning
under different renewable input representations
Development of Robust Control of grid-connected PMSG-based wind turbine system with back-to-back converters topology
Arsene Ibinsan 2026
This thesis presents the design, simulation, and experimental validation of a complete control strategy for a grid-connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a back-to-back voltage source converter topology. The proposed architecture employs sensorless field-oriented control (FOC) on the machine-side converter (MSC) and voltage-oriented control (VOC) with full decoupling on the grid-side converter (GSC), enabling maximum power point tracking (MPPT), stable DC-link regulation, and seamless grid synchronization.
The system was modeled in the dq reference frame, incorporating wind-turbine aerodynamics, PMSG dynamics, and an LCL filter. Sensorless rotor position estimation combines a fluxlinkage-based synchronous-frame PLL at low speeds and an enhanced back-EMF PLL at higher speeds. The GSC features dq-current control with cross-coupling compensation (±ωgL2iq,d,g) and outer DC-link voltage regulation.
Offline simulations in MATLAB/Simulink validated the control performance across startup, wind-speed steps (10 - 12 m/s), and steady-state operation, demonstrating a fast transient response, unity power factor, and a stable DC-link voltage (300 V ± 2 %). The control algorithms were implemented on a 4 kW laboratory prototype using LAUNCHXLF28379D for real-time execution at 10 kHz. High-precision isolated sensors (LEM CAS-25 for currents, AMC1350DWV for AC voltages, AMC1311BDWVR for DC-link) provided feedback. Due to time constraints, the MSC operated as a passive diode-bridge rectifier, while the GSC ran with full VOC. The system achieved successful grid synchronization, smooth power injection (step from 0 to 1 A RMS), and clean steady-state currents in phase with grid voltages. The work establishes a functional laboratory platform for PMSG wind turbine control and lays the groundwork for future extensions, including active MSC rectification, fault ride-through testing, and advanced control techniques.
Project Type: Research & Experimental Project
Tools: MATLAB/Simulink, d–q Modeling, Real-Time Control
Platform: 4 kW Laboratory Prototype, TI LAUNCHXL-F28379D
Application: Wind Energy Conversion & Grid Integration
This project developed and experimentally validated a control platform for a grid-connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) using a back-to-back voltage source converter topology.
The proposed control strategy combines sensorless Field-Oriented Control (FOC) for the machine-side converter with Voltage-Oriented Control (VOC) for the grid-side converter. The system incorporates maximum power point tracking (MPPT), DC-link voltage regulation, grid synchronization, and decoupled dq-current control.
The complete WECS was modeled in the dq reference frame, including wind-turbine aerodynamics, PMSG dynamics, converter control, and an LCL grid filter. Sensorless rotor-position estimation was implemented using flux-linkage-based and back-EMF-based PLL techniques for different operating-speed regions.
Key Results
Key Results
MATLAB/Simulink simulations validated system operation during startup, wind-speed variations, and steady-state conditions.
Achieved stable 300 V DC-link voltage within ±2%.
Demonstrated fast transient response and near-unity power factor.
Implemented the control system on a 4 kW laboratory prototype with real-time execution at 10 kHz.
Achieved successful grid synchronization and smooth power injection.
Experimental results demonstrated clean grid currents aligned with grid voltages.
The experimental platform provides a foundation for further development of active machine-side rectification, fault ride-through capabilities, advanced converter control, and grid-support functionalities for renewable-energy systems.
Integration of renewable energy into developing countries' energy networks
José Luis Díez Rodríguez 2023
This thesis has carried out a study and analysis of the integration of different electricity generation systems based on renewable energies in the current energy system of a developing country, with the aim of generating more energy independence for the country itself and becoming a support country for Europe to supply electricity needs. To this end, a comparative study has been carried out to establish the ideal country in which to carry out the project, the country's energy and electricity system has been analysed in depth and the corresponding simulations have been carried out, thanks to the EnergyPLAN software, of the country's behaviour once the new electricity generation systems have been integrated, determining and studying the most favourable scenarios for the country.
Once this study has been carried out, it has been possible to conclude that Morocco has been chosen as the country to carry out the project, not only because of its potential in terms of the availability of renewable resources, but also because it has a very advantageous strategic location with respect to Europe, it has a good electricity system and a direct connection with the continent, and the policies that are being implemented are orienting the country towards a future based on renewable energies.
On the other hand, once the study and analysis of the energy situation of the country chosen for the year 2035 has been carried out, and the corresponding simulations and optimisations of the electricity section for this same year have been done, it has been possible to conclude that the most favourable possible future scenario for Morocco consists of one in which both non-renewable (fossil fuel) and renewable sources are involved in the electricity generation process, with approximately 70% of installed capacity corresponding to the renewable energy group, in addition to the incorporation of long-term electricity storage systems,
Design of an Improved Grid-Connected PV System for Flexible Grid Integration
Tasnem Alrashdi 2026
Deep Learning-Based Control of Grid Forming Inverter
Alaa Fathi Alshwehdi 2025
Stability and Stabilisation of Cloud Control Systems
Bushra Khalid Balkir 2026
Optimization of Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for Brunei Power System
Ling Sieng Chun 2021
Robust Stabilization of Load Frequency Control System with Demand Side Response and Communication Delay
Mohd Amirul Ariff Bin Haji Awang Manan 2021
Towards an Extensive Exploitation of Solar PV Technology in Brunei through Demand Side Control and Intelligent Optimization
Nuramanina Binti Hamdani 2021
Self-Sufficient Solar SMART Farming System for High Efficiency Growing
Muhammad Munawwir bin Sohot 2021
Robust Stabilization of Load Frequency Control Using Grey Wolf Optimization
Abdul Harith bin abdul Wahab 2020
Abstract: The evolution of the power grid has grown so much over the years and the introduction of communication delay and the renewable energy has made the control of the power grid more complex. Previous research have designed controllers for load frequency control using various algorithms in order to stabilise the system. However due to the increase in complexity of the power grid, the current conventional controllers require a long computational time, poor convergence rate and no guarantee to give a global optimum solution. In this project, a robust controller is designed for load frequency control system while taking the time delay and the uncertainties in the renewable energy generation into account.
The load frequency control system with time delay and renewable energy generation is modelled as a time delay system with uncertainties. Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional has been applied to derive a robust stability criterion. The problem is then formulated as Bilinear matrix inequality. The Grey Wolf Optimization is used to design the controller that minimize the robust stability index. The approach has been applied to a single and multi area load frequency control system with time delay and renewable energy generation. The proposed approach has successfully achieved the robust controller.
Analysis of Large-Scale PV System Integration in an Isolated Microgrid
Chai Zen Lee 2020
Optimum Sizing of Stand Alone PV System Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Md. Yusri 2019
Abstract: Photovoltaic systems are promising alternative for generating electricity. The initial cost remains one of the challenges that face the photovoltaic systems. In order to reduce the initial cost, the optimum size of the photovoltaic system should be selected. Sizing of photovoltaic system includes the selection of combinations of photovoltaic module and its storage. By finding the optimal number of modules and optimal capacity of the storage units based on its cost, an optimum photovoltaic system could be designed. Various optimisation techniques have been developed to find the optimum size of the photovoltaic system. One of the most recently technique introduced is the Artificial Bee Colony optimisation technique.
In this thesis, the optimal sizing of photovoltaic system under Brunei’s weather conditions were studied using the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The load data for residential houses, the solar radiation and the temperature are used as the input of the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The stand-alone photovoltaic system with battery storage was modelled using Matlab/simulink. The Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is implemented in Matlab and the life cycle cost of the system is chosen as the cost function. Different PV system components with different specifications and prices are used for the optimization purpose. The results of the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm sizing are optimum as proven by the simulation.
Wireless Network Control of AC Microgrid
Asma Elfergani 2017
Technical and Economic Feasibility of Solar Powered LED Lighting System in Libya
Muneer Imhamed 2017
Abstract: Libya economy is dominated by the oil the gas industry dependent. Furthermore, the oil and the gas are the primary energy sources for the generating power plants. With the increased energy demands in the near future, Libya will be forced to burn more oil and gas. This, in turn will result in reducing the country revenue, threaten the economy and increasing the CO2 emission. This triggers the alarm for an urgent plan to diversify the energy sources through using sustainable energy source. The sun showers Libya every day by a huge amount of sunshine, especially during the peaks in the summer days. Recently, the country has been struggling to satisfy its escalating energy demands. The residential and street lighting forms more than 50% of the electricity demands in Libya. Street lighting accounts about a fifth of the energy demands in Libya. The transition from fossil fuel to renewable energy could have significant impact on the energy sector in Libya. For example, Libya is still relying on the old-fashioned, inefficient street lighting systems. These systems are inefficient, and unsustainable. Replacing the old technology lighting systems with up-to-date solar powered lighting system achieve energy saving and sustainability. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of replacing the sodium street lighting with PV powered LED street lighting systems and the impact on the energy situation in Libya. A 4 km street is chosen as a case study. The results of the case study are generalized for the street lighting loads in Libya.
Modelling and Control of Inverter-Based Microgrid
Khalid Atea 2015
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